Bade

BDE | Yobe State, Nigeria | Entry created by Katie Tang | UCLA

Representation of Tones:

2 underlying tones: /H/, /L/
4 surface tones: [H], [L], [HL], [LH] (very rare)
Tone bearing unit: Mora
Underlying underspecification: Verbs have morphologically determined tone patterns.

Tonal Rules and Alternations:

Spreading:

High tone spreads to the right across a morpheme or word boundary and within a verb, except across phonologically voiced obstruents.

added 2006-10-10 12:02:32 | edited 2006-10-10 12:02:32

Low tone spreads rightwards within a phonological word if the following word begins with a high tone. Low tone spreading is blocked by voiceless obstruents.

added 2006-10-10 12:05:33 | edited 2006-10-10 12:05:33

Contour Simplification:

A falling tone becomes a high tone on a syllable closed in a voiceless obstruent.

added 2006-10-10 12:06:45 | edited 2006-10-10 12:06:45

Tonal Domains:

Tone Interactions:

Consonant Interactions:

High tones cannot spread across phonologically voiced obstruents. However, they do spread across sonorants and implosives.

added 2006-10-10 12:08:38 | edited 2006-10-10 12:09:43

Low tones cannot spread across voiceless obstruents. Also, a falling tone does not occur on a syllable with a voiceless coda.

added 2006-10-10 12:09:16 | edited 2006-10-10 12:09:16

Syllable Structure Interactions:

Falling tones occur only on heavy syllables.

added 2006-10-10 12:10:16 | edited 2006-10-10 12:10:16

Other Notes:

Bibliography:

The Phonology and Morphology of Bade and Ngizim by Russell Schuh - 2002
document type: website
url: http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Bade/bade.html
notes: collection of handouts from a pro-seminar

added 2006-10-10 11:54:49 | edited 2006-10-10 11:54:49

Cite this page as:
XTone Database Article on Bade. Accessed November 24, 2009 http://xtone.linguistics.berkeley.edu/display/index.php?languageid=138

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